![quark flavours quark flavours](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/8foldway.png)
Therefore, W and Z bosons (which mediate the weak force for neutrinos) help particles react via the weak interaction. For example, if a green color-chrged quark emits a red-antigreen W boson to a red quark, the green quark will become red and the red quark will become green.
![quark flavours quark flavours](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dMOoR.png)
Quarks can change color by emitting a W boson. For mesons, the quark is red, green or blue and the antiquark is antired (cyan), antiblue (yellow) or antigreen (pink). For baryons, each quark is green, red or blue. Quarks also have color charge and react via the weak force. Quantum chromodynamic perturbation theory is used to investigate the hadronic production of heavy quark flavours. The most common quarks are the first generation ones, up and down. When it comes to the point when quarks are separated, they form two sets of quarks, because the energy that is put into trying to separate them is enough to form two new quarks. The first generation consists of the up and down quark, the second one of the charm quark and strange quark and the third of the the top quark and bottom quark. When quarks are stretched farther and farther, the force that holds them together becomes bigger. Some examples of baryons are protons and neutrons, and examples of mesons are pions and kaons. The two families of hadrons are baryons (made of three valence quarks) and mesons (which are made from a quark and an antiquark). Quarks that make the quantum number of hadrons are named 'valence quarks'. When two or more quarks are held together by the strong nuclear force, the particle formed is called a hadron. Some of them may also exist inside of stars. The other four flavours are not seen naturally on Earth, but they can be made in particle accelerators. Two up quarks and one down make a proton ( 2⁄ 3 + 2⁄ 3 - 1⁄ 3 = +1 charge) while two down quarks and one up make a neutron ( 2⁄ 3 - 1⁄ 3 - 1⁄ 3 = 0 charge). Only up and down quarks are found inside of atoms of normal matter. Antiquarks have a charge opposite to that of their quarks meaning that up, charm and top antiquarks have a charge of - 2⁄ 3 and down, strange and bottom antiquarks have a charge of + 1⁄ 3. Up, charm and top quarks have a charge of + 2⁄ 3, while down, strange and bottom quarks have a charge of - 1⁄ 3. The flavours are up (u), down (d), strange (s), charm (c), top (t), and bottom (b). Neutrons and protons are made up of quarks, which are held together by gluons. It was once thought that all three of those were fundamental particles, which cannot be broken up into anything smaller, but after the invention of the particle accelerator, it was discovered that electrons are fundamental particles, but neutrons and protons are not. Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons. Each of the first three columns forms a generation of matter.Ī quark is an elementary particle which makes up hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons. Six of the particles in the Standard Model are quarks (shown in purple).